Jonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal - 1859 Words

During the 17th and early 18th centuries there was a roar of wittiness and logic that came to the forefront of literature in the form of multiple well known Horatian, Juvenalian and Menippean satires (wiseGEEK). The essayist often brought a profound examination and keen persuasive rhetoric that exposed insincere idiocies and outlined the moral and economic decay (wiseGEEK). Satirical works often highlight ideals of reason, order, and social awareness, and thus these works contain a persistent undertone of civility (Holmes). The author superficially uses a faà §ade of conventional traditions, edicts, egotism, and moral codes to incite a new sense of moral and political superiority (Holmes). The satirical literary device was at its peak during the Neoclassical Period in which the enlightenment writer, Jonathan Swift, was exceptional at this writing style (Jokinen). He excelled at rebuking Britain’s flaws and pointed out the hypocrisy at the time by extensive ridicule of the co nventual school of thought. Jonathan Swift’s, A Modest Proposal is an inspiration to many aspiring satirical authors, as he is admired as a rhetorical virtuoso that shed light on the profuse moral and political decay. He also exposed the corruption in society by using a sly, yet polished voice. An example of a modern work inspired by A Modest Proposal, is Dan Geddes, A Modest Proposal to Convert Shopping Malls into Prisons. Though this is seen obviously in the Dan Geddes’s title of his essay, he also usesShow MoreRelatedJonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal996 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Swift, 18th century writer and political activist, published â€Å"A Modest Proposal† in 1729 in the midst of turmoil in his home country of Ireland. Under British rule Irish citizens were left destitute and neglected, giving Swift the inspiration for â€Å"A Modest Proposal†. Jonathan Swift’s use of Aristotle s modes of persuasion and straight-faced satire broke I reland s silence, calling out affluent members of British society and religious hierarchy alike, creating one of the most influentialRead MoreJonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal971 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Swift is a well known writer who wrote Gulliver s Travels and many more lesser known works. A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift can be used to argue many things. The work itself is a pamphlet to that explains how one could go about the famine in Ireland. He suggests by his title that this will not be a over the top or extreme suggestion instead being modest and understandable. The most notable part of his work however is the obscenity of it as he describes in detail what the benefitsRead MoreJonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal1008 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Sparknotes, In the 1700’s, Ireland went through an economic depression as well as other problems in the country such as starvation, overpopulation and intolerable taxation by England. The families in Ireland could not afford to maintain their children therefore the children became a burden. Politicians did nothing to improve Ireland’s situation. These ongoing Problems in Ireland led Jonathan Swift to write,† A Modest Proposal.† In his essay, Swift uses satire to give rational but extremeRead MoreJonathan Swift s Modest Proposal1562 Words   |  7 PagesEmpire. Thesis: Jonathan Swift s Modest Proposal is the most effective in conveying its proposal against Imperialism as a universal theme. Directional Statement: Jonathan Swift s Modest Proposal successfully uses evidence to support its proposal and an effective style of writing. It also presents a clearly defined problem and solution compared to George Orwell s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† and Thomas Jefferson s â€Å"Declaration of Independence†. Point 1: Swift s Modest Proposal effectively usesRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal956 Words   |  4 Pagesissue for the Irish and became a topic of satire ridicule for writers. Specifically, Jonathan Swift demonstrates mockery of this time in one of his written works, â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† The speaker proposes to shift the issues of over population and poverty to a business like mentality by paying woman to bare children and then after a year, gaining a profit by selling and eat their children. The speaker’s proposal to consume the children of Ireland demonstrates a satirical solution to the Irish’s economicRead MoreJonathan Swift s Modest Proposal850 Words   |  4 PagesJonathon Swift â€Å"Modest Proposal† is shocking satire that is supposed to bring to light the ill state of the Irish nation during the time period. Swift was making a point that the state that Ireland was in a major economic crisis and was overpopulated and was in a dire need of a solution, so he propose one. But even though this was written many years ago we can still draw inspiration form it today. The essay begins as a Proposal for a solution to the extreme poverty and over population of IrelandRead MoreJonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal1809 Words   |  8 PagesJonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal is a satirical essay that sardonically uses an outrageous solution to the massive poverty in Ireland. He proposes this lengthy idea of eating children as the solution to the society’s problems. His serious yet hyperbolic and satirical style allows Swift an approach to get people engaged in the difficulties the Irish had to do to survive their everyday life. This essay explores Swift’s ability to use literary devices and how these techniques advance his idea aboutRead MoreJonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal1456 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Swift was an Irish poet and satirist of the eighteenth century. Although the son of Englishmen, Swift was born and raised in Ireland. While living in Ireland, he witnessed the death of thousands of Irish due to starvation whic h was caused due to crop failure. Swift, who wasn’t even personally affected by the issue, acknowledged that the death of the Irish population which he argues was caused because of the neglect of English landowners. Instead of allowing for the issue to continue to beRead MoreAnalysis of Jonathan Swift ´s A Modest Proposal Essay532 Words   |  3 Pagesdone, the issue hasn’t been fazed a bit. From Jonathan Swift’s Modest Proposal, he clarifies the poverty issued throughout Ireland in the early 1700’s and how one suggestion could change it all. Elaborated from the Literary Reference Center, â€Å"A Modest Proposal, like Gulliver’s Travels, transcends the political, social, and economic crisis that gave birth to it, woeful as they were. Packed with irony and satirical revelations of the human condition†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Swift wasn’t just writing a masterpiece, but an intendedRead MoreCollectivism Vs. Individualism : The Unknown Citizen And Jona than Swift s A Modest Proposal1783 Words   |  8 Pagespolitically, with emphasis on the role a person takes in society, or philosophically- what makes a person think collectively or individually. Even though one might say that both theories are important, both W.H. Auden s The Unknown Citizen and Jonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal reflect criticisms of collectivism and promotes individualism. There are two main types of collectivism: â€Å"horizontal collectivism† and â€Å"vertical collectivism†. Collectivism has been characterized as horizontal collectivism

Surveillance Cameras Have Helped Tremendously - 1508 Words

In this day and age, increased security measures are being taken everywhere. These measures include bodyguards, security guards, and added surveillance cameras. Most Americans want to feel and be safe, but they aren’t always ready for the extent that it will take to be safe. The major issues of getting these cameras are the money and time it takes to get them operating in the best way they can. In many cases examined, surveillance cameras have helped tremendously. Now, it’s just a matter of improving these cameras. The amount of good a surveillance camera can do far outweighs the harm; therefore, they should be kept and used in even more places and situations. Surveillance cameras have been around for a little over fifty years, while security guards have been around a lot longer (â€Å"DIY Peace of Mind† para 1). Just about all security guards perform some of the same types of duties. In the end, they are all hired to monitor and protect something. Sometimes they are here to protect people, and other times they are here to protect and guard property. They are there to keep theft to a minimum, while also keeping lives safe. Security guard jobs or responsibilities differ depending on size, type, and location of where the security guard is working. Most guards deal with people first hand, but not all the time. The security guards are walking around or sitting checking out the area around them. They are making sure everything is going smoothly, and there is no harm done; kind ofShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Virtue, By Jeremy Bentham And John Stuart Mill Erect The System Of Utilitarianism Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pageshappiness to some individuals, but on the other hand, it could cause unhappiness to others therefore, leaving individuals thinking about what to do? Meanwhile, if we look in to our modern society, the ethical views from the past have changed because people these days have their own ability to define happiness through their own experiences of pleasure and pain. Consequently, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill erect the system of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the concept that balances the manyRead MoreThe Impact of Automation on American Culture Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s most important jobs wouldn‘t exist. Obviously, at one point in history this was the case and construction of every sort was carried out with hand tools and nothing else. This all changed during the Industrial Age when human-operated machines helped replace the handwork of craftspeople. Today this is known as mechanization. It was not until the nineteenth century that Americans took it a step further and automation was born. Automation is automatic operation and control of machinery that canRead MoreTraffic Violation Photography : Traffic Violations1896 Words   |  8 Pagesstatus ladder. As a result of this movement up the social status, a lot of people have bought vehicles that have now filled our roads. With that regard, the number of road accidents has also been on an increasing trend with a lot being recorded on the many s uperhighways that exist today. Thus, there have been many laws that have enacted to control the rising number of accidents on our roads (Lavender). These laws have been effected to some extent, but still there are more accidents happening on ourRead MorePolice Cameras, An Important Element That Helps Others Essay2126 Words   |  9 Pages Police cameras, an important element that helps others understand the complexity that occurs during a traffic stop, confrontation, or investigation. According to the National Institute of Justice, a survey was done using various police departments, and the survey concluded that 75% of the police forces do not use cameras on the job. Police cameras can be the difference between innocent versus guilty, hero versus villain, and in some circumstances, life versus death. There are many debates in societyRead More Television Influence Essay2187 Words   |  9 Pagesshort time after. This just goes to show that kids truly don’t know the meaning o f death. There are only 13 such studies out of approximately 2,500 which question the relationship between television violence and youth aggression, and 12 out of those 13 have been done by the television networks themselves.(Grossman Degaetano, 1999). Top Gun Control Gun control is another crucial problem of school violence. There are way too many school shootings in America, the most notorious of these being theRead MoreThe Infamous Police Injustice Within The United States3537 Words   |  15 Pagesspeaking, it should remain clear that I do not feel as though all police officers are corrupt or abuse the powers which have been handed to them. We as a society are obviously in need of our law enforcement officers however, their duties to protect and serve should remain their primary goal as they do their jobs. Unfortunately the notorious incidents in which police officers have used unnecessary and brute force on individuals has placed much fear in many communities. Whereas various critics and organizationsRead MoreImpacts of Information Technology on Individuals, Organizations and Societies21097 Words   |  85 PagesRipley (2004). Lessons Learned from This Case Obviously, information technology is not the cause of movie piracy, just as it is not the cause of music piracy. (See Online File W17.1 for a discussion of music piracy.) However, it is the tool that tremendously heightens the importance of legal, ethical, and regulatory issues related to this phenomenon. Copyright, trademark, and patent infringement, freedom of thought and speech, theft of property, and 17.1 fraud are not new issues in modern societiesRead MoreRole of Intelligence in India’s Security5420 Words   |  22 PagesNARESH CHANDRA India’s Security Challenges in the next decade – Role of Intelligence I feel greatly honoured and privileged to have been asked to deliver the R. N. Kao Memorial Lecture this year. I believe, it is the sixth in the series started in 2007 by Shri Tharakan, the then Secretary, Ramp;AW . It feels good to be following the five distinguished speakers who have delivered the lecture in previous years. Before this distinguished gathering, it is hardly necessary to enumerate the achievementsRead MoreThesis - Information Operations in Strategic, Operational, and Tactical Levels of War23393 Words   |  94 Pagesresulted in the ubiquitous existence of these machines in many nations, and caused armed forces to search for better ways to employ what they have using the improvements in technology. We are now the dwellers of the so-called information age. It is no surprise that the terms like Information Operations (IO), Information Warfare, and Informatio n Superiority have become popular as force multipliers. Information is nothing new, but how did we come to the point that it has been perceived as a weapon ofRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 Pagesthe import-reliant economy was affected by external factors, including the slowing economic growth in China, the sluggish growth of the US economy and fears about the impact of the eurozone crisis. These factors have also affected growth in 2012. Economists   at   the   Trade   Ministry   have   said   that   they   expect   Singapore’s   GDP   to   grow   by    about 1.5% in 2012, down from a previous estimate of 2.5%. A recent report from the BBC quoted Michael   Wan,   Singapore   economist   at   Credit   Suisse,

Microsoft Marketing Plan Free Essays

string(56) " and diversified products offered by their competitors\." Microsoft Corporation 1. 1 Executive Summary The purpose of this article is to highlight the current marketing strategies of Microsoft Corporation and also to identify the lacking areas where Microsoft should develop new strategies to with stand with the throat cutting market challenges. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Marketing Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 Mission Statement Empower people through great software anytime, anyplace, and on any device. 1. 3 Our Values As a company, and as individuals, we value integrity, honesty, openness, personal excellence, constructive self-criticism, continual self-improvement, and mutual respect. We are committed to our customers and partners and have a passion for technology. We take on big challenges, and pride ourselves on seeing them through. We hold ourselves accountable to our customers, shareholders, partners, and employees by honoring our commitments, providing results, and striving for the highest quality. (Microsoft Corporation, 2010) 1. 4 Company Profile At Microsoft, everyone one is motivated and inspired every day, by how their customers use their software to find creative, solutions to business problems, develop breakthrough ideas, and stay connected to what’s most important to them. Microsoft run business, in much the same way, and believe in their five different business divisions, which offers the greatest potential to serve customers. They are: a. Windows ; Windows Live Division: Includes the Windows product family, and is responsible for our relationships with personal computer manufacturers, as well as online software and services through Windows Live. b. Server and Tools: Software server products, services and solutions, include: Windows Server operating system, Microsoft SQL Server, Visual Studio, Silverlight, System Centre products, Forefront security products, Biz Talk Server, and Microsoft Consulting Services. c. Online Services Division: Consists of an online advertising platform with offerings for publishers and advertisers, and online information; offerings such as Bing and the MSN portals and channels. d. Microsoft Business Division: Includes the Microsoft Office suites, desktop programs, servers, and services and solutions; Microsoft Dynamics; and Unified Communications business solutions. . Entertainment and Devices Division: Consists of the Xbox video game system, including consoles and accessories, Xbox Live operations, Zune digital music and entertainment device; Mediaroom, mobile and embedded device platforms, Surface computing platform, and Windows Automotive. We are committed long term to the mission of helping our customers realize th eir full potential. Just as we constantly update and improve our products, we want to continually evolve our company to be in the best position to accelerate new technologies as they emerge and to better serve our customers. (Microsoft Corporation, 2009) 1. 5 SWOT Analysis . 5. 1 STRENGTHS: i. Microsoft is one of the huge reputable global brands currently in the market. It is recognizable for couple of reasons, it was known to be one of the largest software developers and it’s developed a customer base of near about thirty million people all around the world. ii. It has built its brand image on the successful development of its computer software namely the Windows series of products. iii. Brand is everything, Microsoft is one of the best established, highly visible and healthy IT brands in the World, and holds a very loyal set of passionate customers that advocates and uses the brand. By loyal customers, it means that Microsoft retains old customers as well as recruits new ones too. iv. The corporation is alienated in several central offices inside the United States and all around the globe making the distribution channel and development of its products easily approachable to every consumer. It helps the company to launch new products and services across the globe at the same time. 1. 5. 2 WEAKNESSES: i. Microsoft lacks a solid client age and service support centre on the internet. This issue has to be rectified in order to overcome since problems and bugs with regards to their products must be fixed rapidly to attain efficiency. The lack of a customer service centre would erode the integrity and quality perceived by costumers on Microsoft products. ii. Generally Microsoft products have compatibility issues with different hardwares and softwares platforms manufactured by other companies, hence this sort of compatibility issue would then limit the ability of the customer to buy all products made by Microsoft since it would affect the stability and performance of a computer. ii. Microsoft does not share the programming codes of its softwares making modification difficult if bugs and other malfunctions are detected by programmers not affiliated to the company. 1. 5. 3 OPPORTUNITIES: i. Microsoft has expanded its market share by entering into the Chinese market by producing computer programs based on the Chinese language and giving discretionary authority to the Ch inese government to censure and to eaves drop on emails, documents and webpage. ii. Microsoft has also diversified its products. During the past years the company has ventured into fields such as game design, game developing and publishing and the production of game consoles such as the Xbox. iii. The company has also branched out to provide free email and news services to its customers. It has also developed softwares and computer programs that are vital in organizing business spreadsheets and data. 1. 5. 4 THREATS: i. Microsoft has created a set of example for all existing and forthcoming software developing houses to follow the same footsteps for such a drastic success. ii. Early competitor of Microsoft in the operating systems industry is the Linux program which was developed by independent programmers. this program gave very though time to Microsoft due to of its user friendly and can be obtain free of charge. iii. Because the company is diversifying in various fields it started to compete with the products being produced by such companies who have been experts in their parent industry. The company might eventually lost its battles in making its products competitive when put side by side with products made by corporations which has established heir name and reputation to the customers. iv. Microsoft is losing its market share steadily, due to increase in competition and diversified products offered by their competitors. You read "Microsoft Marketing Plan" in category "Papers" A recent publication (Thinking Made Easy: SWOT Analysis of Microsoft) 1. 6 PESTEL ANALYSIS APESTEL analysisis a set of tools or an investigation of the important factors that are chronologically changing which influences on a businessexternally. PESTEL is abbreviated as Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental ; Legal impacts. Politically influences on organisation like abrupt changes in government, inconsistency in their policies. Economic changes relate to changes in the macro economical conditions such as unstable economical conditions, rise in people standards or fluctuations in interest rates, etc. Social changes relate to changes in society (either globally or locally) such as changes in lifestyles e. g. more women going out to work, changes in customers buying behaviours. Technological changes relate to the entrance of new high tech inventions and ideas such as the development of the robotics and internet as business tools. Environmental changes means the impact on production oriented organisation with the environmental policies like all textile manufacturing units were transferred to Asian markets from Manchester UK due to its adverse effect on the environment. PESTEL Analysis a. Political Microsoft is highly affected by the political scenario there in USA. Microsoft is becoming one of the giant companies globally. It has created huge monopoly across the globe. US government is now trying to break up Microsoft into several different companies so that to maintain equal competition throughout the market. One of the other reasons in splitting up Microsoft Corporation that it is becoming so much stronger that it could be a threat for even US government in near future. b. Economical Being such a versatile company and the market share they have, Microsoft plays major role in bringing up the country economies they have set-upped their businesses. According to an independent studies that the economies of the country shoots up three times when Microsoft starts businesses in that country. c. Social Microsoft has an edge on all of its competitors that socially more people are inclined towards Pentium platforms so naturally it helped a lot to have more market share rather than others. Market segment of Pentium users is considerably very huge but it would be threat for Microsoft that they are losing its share with an average pace, due to their unsatisfied customers. d. Technological It was a decade earlier that Microsoft was the leader in producing high tech softwares and gadgets, but now they are getting tough competition from global phenomenon brand ‘Apple’. No doubt Microsoft adopts and market new technology as soon as it could be but still i e. Environmental Microsoft follows very strict policies to make sure that the company remains in full compliance with international environmental regulations and the specifically environmental requirements of each country/region where they are doing their business. Microsoft reduces waste disposal, where possible through source reduction and recycling at company facilities. All waste safely and responsibly handled and disposed of properly. f. Legal Microsoft is playing vital role in legal aspect of their pirated products like Windows and other softwares. They are trying their level best to reduce the usage of their pirated softwares. They are introducing different security features which may reduce the usage of pirated products. 1. 7 Porter’s Generic Strategies Michael Porter has proposed three generic strategies that provide a good starting point for strategic thinking; overall cost leadership, differentiation, focus and combination of all these three strategies is known as stuck in the middle. Microsoft is a versatile company it produces series of products and services which caters different market segments, and according to every particular segments they developed their specific strategy for different product segments. a. Overall cost leadership Microsoft’s has out scoured its major software houses towards Asian markets, that help them to develop efficient and yet low cost softwares with low overhead or manufacturing cost. The added benefit of companies going globally is that they get access to their local market, and one of the reasons Microsoft has established software house in India is to expand their Indian market share. b. Differentiation The other strategy which Microsoft is keep following since very early stages, is of their differentiated products and softwares. With the launch of Windows the most user friendly and c. Focus Microsoft has narrow down its market segments, they identified the need of their customers and created segments within the segments. For example at first there was only one segment of computer games lovers but now Microsoft has narrow down this segment and created a separate gaming console for gamers called Microsoft Xbox 360. 1. 8 Implementation Plans As a marketing adviser, I would redefine the marketing structure by improving their segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies. Last year Microsoft launched Xbox 360 gaming console, it was segmented for kids to teens gaming needs and it was positioned as a complete home entertainment solutions which merges video gaming, internet and DVD playback. The Xbox 360 is the most robust and high tech gaming console in current market. Sony Playstation 2 is currently the market leader with almost more than 50% of the gaming console market share. The Xbox was launched the previous year and positioned as the complete home entertainment solution combine video gaming, the Internet and DVD playback. The Xbox is the most robust gaming console on the market, but faces stiff competition in its product category. Microsoft is trying its level best to become the market leader in this category by dethroning Sony. To accomplish this goal, Microsoft has to restructure its targeting strategy; specifically they should stick to a specific age group people so that they could focus their efforts on them. They should more focus on people aged between 16 to 24, due to the high tech device and this age group are very high gamers. This age group people are substantial knowledge how to use high tech equipment and themselves fascinated by the entire features Microsoft is offering. Secondly, these age group people are good source of marketers by influencing their friends and family circles by introducing them and flavouring them its joy. Considering various opportunities and challenges ahead, Microsoft must continue to narrow down their campaign specifically on the heavy male gamers, since this demographic category are usually trendsetters in the society and they are even very early innovators too. Microsoft should work out on the differentiation strategy, in the current market scenario Microsoft is the only one who is offering online and network gaming on their gaming consoles where as Sony and Nintendo are not offering such features, so Microsoft should invest more capital for marketing in such area which make them set ahead among their competitors. In the software development side, Microsoft is facing huge customers losses by one of its competitors namely OpenOffice, they are offering complete range of office softwares free of cost, thus giving very tough time to Microsoft Office software, in such critical situation my opinion would be going towards differentiated strategy. Technically Microsoft should develop such uniqueness in their Office software so that customers (majority of them are students) can’t think to adopt free softwares rather than paid one, customers should have high perception in their mind that paid must have great value rather than free one. This can be achieved if Microsoft creates a monopoly by creating incompatible extensions of Office which can only be viewed and edited on exclusively Microsoft Office. Bibliography Hollensen, S. (2004). Marketing Management. Illinois: Pearson Education Limited. Kotler, P. (2002). Marketing Management (Eleventh ed. ). California: Prentice. Microsoft Corporation. (2010). About Microsoft: Your Potential. Our Passion. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from Microsoft Website: http://www. microsoft. com/About/default. mspx Microsoft Corporation. (2009, December 4). Our Commitment to Our Customers. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from Microsoft Corporation Website: http://www. microsoft. com/about/companyinformation/ourbusinesses/business. mspx How to cite Microsoft Marketing Plan, Papers

Business Operation Expansion-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Compare and explain the main features, advantages and disadvantages, of the three types of legal relationship (Agency, Distributor, Joint Venture) your organisation could form with an enterprise in the TM of your choice. 2.Your MD has also told you that he has negotiated a Joint Venture Agreement with an enterprise, (XYZ Incorporated), which has been long established in your chosen Target Market Suggest the most important terms you think should be in this agreement to protect your organisations best interests in this particular arrangement and its entry strategy. Answers: Businesses not just vary in size and category of industry, but also in terms of their ownership. Some of them are owned by just a single individual or a small group of individuals, whereas others are owned by huge numbers of shareholders, or by some charitable trusts or foundations, and at times by even the state. Different legal forms get overlapped by different types of ownership structures that any business can take. The legal and ownership structures of any business is liable to be determining several of their legal responsibilities, which includes the paperwork that is needed to be completed by the owners for setting up their business, the different taxes that the business is required to be paying, the different ways in which the profits of the businesses gets distributed and the personal responsibilities of the owners if the owners make any kind of loss or goes bankrupt. At the broadest level, there is a possibility of distinguishing between organizations that are owned and run by private owners, those that are run by voluntary organizations and those that are owned and run by the state. The legal forms and ownership structures inside businesses vary from country to country. Choosing the right legal organizational structure for the business is a big decision that needs to be made by the organization. While it might not be having any influence on the everyday operations of any small business, it might and can have a huge influence at the time of taxing, or when there comes a need of borrowing money or attracting investors, or even in any unfortunate event that the organization has to face in court. There is the scope of changing the structure at a later date, but the procedure is hard and expensive. Thus, it is better that the right decision is taken in the first place (Bodie 2013; Hansmann 2013; Robb and Robinson 2014). Below is discussed three of the most basic forms of business ownership that TechnipFMC can consider as an entry strategy: Agency Agency relationships in organizations are its basic concept based on which other forms of business or other relationships get built like corporations, partnerships, trusts and similar ones. Agency relationships of organizations are the fiduciary relation that is a resultant of the manifestation of consent from one person to the other, which the other person would be acting in his or her behalf and is subjected to his or her control and consent by another for acting. In other words, one person, the agent agrees for doing something for another party, the principal, which is business to the mechanism of the party and the other party, the principal even approves to the agreement. It at the same time implies that the principal is normally bound to the actions of the agent, as the agent acts as if they were themselves the principal. This kind of relationships can both be personal or business. It even provides permission to the principal of the abilities of being in more than one place at a time, in turn expanding their possible business opportunities. In this scenario, the agent is no way completely accountable for the decisions that are made. As both the agent and the principal might be having different goals, the agency relationship might possibly create a conflict of interest. However, there also is involved a certain amount of confidence and trust. Two of the most common agency relationships found in businesses are: 1) employer/employee, and ii) the organization and their third party channels for the distribution of product. Inside an agency relationship, two contracts gets encompassed: contract between the organization and the agent, and contract made by the agent with the third party for and on the behalf of the organization (Block 2012; Desender et al. 2013). Agency relationships gets created legally in the following way: Appointment authorization: the general method of agency relationship creation is by means of express authorization - a person appointed for acting on behalf of another. There is no specific form of language required for the appointment of an agent (Montanaro 2012). Principals conduct authorization: Apparently an agent has authority at the time when the principal, by means of his words or behavior, reasonably directs a third party into believing that such an individual has the authority of binding the principal (Allen and Kraakman 2016). Commercial vs. government sectors: Generally, the law of agency is applicable similar to the government and the state purchasing agencies inside the private sector. The government contracting officers and state purchasing officers get their power from the statutes that created their organizations (Warner and Sullivan 2017). Distributor A distributor relationship involves foreign investment and a business and it might be subject to both the country distributor and the foreign supplier to some certain reporting requirements and disclosure under federal law. The term agent is mostly appropriate if used at the time when legal relationships that enter into with the help of parties is not of any agency but is of distributorship and franchise arrangements. It legal terms a difference exists in regards to the role of an agent, a distributor and a franchisee. Majorly distributor relationships are contractual, but a contract is not the sine qua non for the existence of any relationship. A distributorship agreement might by either expressing or implied. An express distributorship gets created by means of agreements between parties. An implied distributorship can get inferred from the behavior of the parties, or from any course of dealing amongst the parties. It is not rare for any distribution agreement to ask for the distrib utors to be using their best attempts for promoting the sale of the suppliers products (Hollensen 2015; Tseng 2014). Joint Venture Joint ventures are business enterprises that are under taken by two or more individuals or organizations for sharing the expense and the profit of any specific business project. Joint ventures are not necessarily business organizations in their sense of proprietorships, corporations or partnerships. They are in reality agreements among parties or businesses for any specific objective or venture. Their formation might be quite informal, while some arrangements might be extremely complex. In effect, a joint venture is a kind of partnerships that gets limited to any specific resolution. In recent years, joint ventures have increased in popularity, irrespective of the comparatively high failure rate of such efforts like one cause or the other. This strategy has been put to use by creative small business owners for good advantage over the years, even though the practice continues as something majorly related with larger corporations. Majority of the joint ventures get formed with the ulti mate objective of saving money. Joint ventures are so attractive because of their capability of enabling organizations for sharing both risks and costs. Joint ventures are at all times governed completely by means of legal agreements that had a role in bringing them to existence. Until and unless the joint venture is formalized through the building of any partnership or corporation, it never develops into becoming a taxpaying and legal body of its own. Instead of that the joint venture operates by means of the legal position of the venture contestants who are known as venture partners or co-venturers. As the joint venture is not considered as a legal entity, it do not have the option of hiring people, get into any contracts or face some of their own tax liabilities. All these matters get handled by the co-venturers. Joint ventures do not get governed by partnership law, corporate law and the law of sole proprietorship. As the venture gets over at the end of any particular project, t he issues related to free transferabilityand continuity of life becomes moot (Yan and Luo 2016; Johnson et al. 2013). Joint ventures are of different types. Equity based joint ventures help any foreign or local private, groups of interest, interests, or members of the common people. Inside non-equity joint ventures at this time, the parties keep looking for technical service arrangements, management contracts, one-time contracts, franchise and brand use agreements, and rental agreements. Participants at all times do not provide with capital as a part of their joint venture obligations. Joint ventures help partners in saving a lot of money and reducing their risks via capital and resource sharing. Joint ventures even provide smaller organizations with the opportunities of working with larger ones for developing, manufacturing and marketing new products. They are also known to be providing companies with opportunities for increasing sales, enhancing technological capabilities and gaining admittance to broader markets with the help of research and development underwritten by multiple parties. The invol vement of governments in the private business environment have been able to create a lot more opportunities for organizations for engaging in domestic and global joint ventures (Beamish 2013; Killing 2012). 2.Requirements for Joint Venture Agreement Inside a joint venture some of the main terms that needs to be there for protecting the best interest of TechnipFMC in this specific arrangement are discussed below. It is important that comprehension is there regarding the reasons and motivations of the party for the establishment of the joint venture prior to the considering of the proper terms for incorporating (Chang, Chung and Moon 2013). The commercial objective and purpose of the joint venture, such as medium-long term business plan, heads of agreement. A definition and valuation of the contributions that are introduced by each joint venture party, such as goodwill, licenses. The scope and nature of the obligations that are undertaken by every joint venture party, such as due diligence, indemnities, warranties. The financing of the joint venture, such as loan finance or share capital The resolution of management or voting deadlock amongst equal joint venture partners, such as detailed voting processes, termination on protracted deadlock, casting of vote by chairman. The security of any minority joint venture interest, such as preference shares, right to employ directors, definite minimum return on investment. The exit routes that are available to the joint ventures, such as rights of pre-emption, put and call options. The basis of termination of the joint venture, such as notice with or without reason, fixed-term. The wrapping up of the joint venture and the comprehension and circulation of shares or resources upon termination. Autonomous dispute resolution which includes: negotiation-conciliation-mediation, appropriate relevant law, trustworthy global institutional arbitration or unbiased legal authority. Discussing the terms to be addressed inside a joint venture with XYZ Incorporated, the first priority is to be given to the objectives. Any successful joint venture is based on both its goals and objectives, as those clarifies the main purpose of the venture and helps in the identification of the necessary actions. The main objective of any joint venture is bringing profitability to the business and operations, which is more often than not the increasing of revenue while limiting costs. Joint ventures are also carried out for reducing customer complaints and providing them with the best possible customer service. Joint ventures are also carried out for solving employee turnover problems and improve employee retention. Joint venture is a good way of becoming more efficient in business operations for increasing productivity, in turn growing the organization and its operations. The contributions of joint ventures include licensing opportunities, goodwill, technological know-how, financi al and skill expertise. The duties, rights and obligations of joint ventures are dependent majorly on the terms of contract by means of which they undertake that relationship. Each co-venturer must be contributing a share to the joint venture for promoting a common purpose. At the time when joint venture gets dissolved a co-venturer acquires the advanced capital returned (Saz-Carranza and Longo 2012). Prior to an investor focusing on the deal terms, it is vital that ensuring is done regarding the venture happening between two partners who share aligned interests and similar end objectives. Inside a joint venture, the funding clauses contain the option of loan by the parties for the joint venture. They have the option of bank funding too. Inside a joint venture, there is the need of taking into account some interests of substantial minority shareholders, who do not allow the uncontrolled power of controlling majority. Joint ventures are solely for the partners to be given the opportunity of working on any specific project. There comes a time when one or more parties might be wanting to leave the company in the end of the venture. For them, different exit strategies are there such as, initial public offering, selling of shares, selling of the joint venture, employee buyout and liquidation. In joint ventures, dissolution and termination gets governed with the help of partnership laws that are related to that. Joint ventures can be dissolved by judicial dissolution, they get over after any fixed term or specific objective is met with, or after there happens a sale of one or all the parties interests. Joint ventures get terminated due to deadlock, making parties unwilling or unable of continuing with the venture resulting in an exit (Barajas, Huergo and Moreno 2012). Inside a deadlock of a joint venture, there are needs of having a clear mechanism in the agreement to make sure of conflict resolution as that would be helpful in streamlining the procedure, avoiding confusion and fluctuations and even help save time and money. Winding up of the joint ventures happens when the resolution of the deadlock is unagreed according to the receipt of the deadlock notice sent by any party. After that the party might ask for the company to be wound up, in which all parties will be procuring that a resolution is passed for commencing such wind-up proceedings once practicable. Inside joint ventures, dispute resolution procedures are important. Possible damage and disruption that can be caused by a failed joint venture would not be something that is commonly tracked, but is something very recognizable when actually happening. Thus, it is important that a clear and fair dispute resolution procedure is set up for being the best option against these kinds of damages . Dispute resolution clauses inside joint venture agreements or something similar are more often than not very legalistic as they are generally written by the lawyers. These situations can be handled by empower management, designing of delegations of authority completely, having a release valve, refreshing the whole team and even appointing an independent consultant (Lpez-Duarte and Vidal-Surez 2013). There is an importance of understanding the reasons and motivations for the establishment of the joint venture agreement prior to considering the proper terms for incorporation. There is a need for understanding if both the parties are looking for a long-term relationship or short-term collaboration for making a fast return, if they would be equal partners, or would they be having different business plans. The terms needed for a long-term marriage-of-equals would be differing from those for a short-term venture capital joint venture. The key terms that have been set above and discussed are just a general initial check-list for joint venture agreements. The necessary terms would be depending on the joint venture business and the parties. For any joint venture agreement, and if party negotiations fail, dispute resolution carried out by an independent forum would be able of delivering a quick and enforceable decision as a necessary term. Minus this, the other terms would be ineffective (Reuer, Klijn and Lioukas 2014) References Allen, W.T. and Kraakman, R., 2016.Commentaries and cases on the law of business organization. Wolters Kluwer law business. 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